Matthew Henry considered the commandment against killing to apply to
both one’s own life as well as the life of one’s neighbor and considered it to
apply not only to causing of death but also to prohibit any thing unjustly
hurtful to or injurious to the health, ease, and life of one’s own body or the
body of any other person. He also ties the commandment against bloodshed back
to the command to Noah, and he sees it as a command applying to the individual
against his neighbor, but not against killing in lawful war, for one’s own
necessary defense, or against the government instituting due punishments for
criminal offenses. He portrays laying in wait for the blood of the innocent as
a grave offense against human dignity as one of the fundamental laws of nature.
This is one of the laws of nature, and was strongly enforced by the precepts given to Noah and his sons, Gen. 9:5, 6. It does not forbid killing in lawful war, or in our own necessary defence, nor the magistrate’s putting offenders to death, for those things tend to the preserving of life; but it forbids all malice and hatred to the person of any (for he that hateth his brother is a murderer), and all personal revenge arising therefrom; also all rash anger upon sudden provocations, and hurt said or done, or aimed to be done, in passion: of this our Saviour expounds this commandment, Mt. 5:22. And, as that which is worst of all, it forbids persecution, laying wait for the blood of the innocent and excellent ones of the earth.
AUTHOR: Matthew Henry (18 October 1662 – 22 June 1714) was an English
commentator on the Bible and Presbyterian minister. He was born at Broad Oak,a
farmhouse on the borders of Flintshire and Shropshire. His father, Philip
Henry, had just been ejected under the Act of Uniformity 1662. Unlike most of
his fellow-sufferers, Philip possessed some private means, and was thus able to
give his son a good education. Matthew went first to a school at Islington, and
then to Gray's Inn. He soon gave up his legal studies for theology, and in 1687
became minister of a Presbyterian congregation at Chester. He moved again in
1712 to Mare Street, Hackney. Two years later (22 June 1714), he died suddenly
of apoplexy at the Queen's Aid House (41 High Street) in Nantwich while on a
journey from Chester to London.
Matthew Henry's well-known six-volume Exposition of the Old and New
Testaments (1708–1710) or Complete Commentary, provides an
exhaustive verse by verse study of the Bible. covering the whole of the Old
Testament, and the Gospels and Acts in the New Testament. After the author's
death, the work was finished (Romans through Revelation) by thirteen other
nonconformist ministers, partly based upon notes taken by Henry's hearers, and
edited by George Burder and John Hughes in 1811.
Henry's commentaries are primarily exegetical, dealing with the
scripture text as presented, with his prime intention being explanation, for
practical and devotional purposes. While not being a work of textual research,
for which Henry recommended Matthew Poole's Synopsis Criticorum, Henry's
Exposition gives the result of a critical account of the original as of
his time, with practical application. It was considered sensible and stylish, a
commentary for devotional purposes.
Famous evangelical Protestant preachers such as George Whitefield and
Charles Spurgeon used and heartily commended the work, with Whitefield reading
it through four times - the last time on his knees. Spurgeon stated,
"Every minister ought to read it entirely and carefully through once at
least."
Henry's Miscellaneous Writings, including a Life of Mr. Philip Henry,
The Communicant's Companion, Directions for Daily Communion with God, A Method
for Prayer, A Scriptural Catechism, and numerous sermons, the life of his
father, tracts, and biography of eminent Christians, together with the sermon
on the author's death by William Tong were edited in 1809; and in 1830 a new
edition included sermons not previously included and Philip Henry's "What
Christ is made to believers". The collection was issued several times by
different publishers.
Several abbreviated editions of the Commentary were published in the
twentieth century; more recently the Christian linguist and author of reference
books, Martin H. Manser, edited a version in modern English: The New Matthew
Henry Commentary: The Classic Work with Updated Language (Zondervan 2010).
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